The Purple Heart Medal
The Purple Heart
Medal has a long history in American military heraldry. Its origins date back to
1782 when General George Washington ordered the “Badge of Military Merit” awarded
to enlisted men for meritorious service. It was the first medal that would be awarded
to an individual, as opposed to entire units. The badge was a small piece of cloth
in the shape of a heart with lace edging. Two leafy vines boarded the inside edges
of the heart. The embroidered word, “Merit,” was in the middle of the heart. Historians
say with this badge, Washington hoped to begin a permanent award system. Unfortunately,
other leaders of the Revolutionary War didn’t get the message. Only three people
were awarded the Badge of Military Merit and after the war ended, the badge was
never used again.
Gone, but not forgotten, then Army Chief of Staff, Douglas MacArthur began
the work of resurrecting and redesigning the Badge of Military Merit into the medal
we know today as the Purple
Heart. On February 22, 1932, the 200th birthday of George Washington, the
Purple Heart officially
became a part of the military awards system. The criteria for receiving the
Purple Heart have changed over the years, but today’s criterion is that
the honoree be wounded or killed in the line of duty.
Some famous recipients of the Purple Heart include:
- Pat Tillman (football player)
- James Garner (actor)
- John Kerry (politician)
- Colin Powell (Army General and former Secretary of State)
- John McCain (politician)
- John F. Kennedy (35th President of the United States)
- General Wesley Clark (Army General)
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